Mohammad Karimi; Masoud Ghodsi
Abstract
Effects of different irrigation levels on yield, water consumption, water use efficiency, and agronomic characteristics of cotton-wheat crop rotation were examined in the temperate zone of Khorasan Razavi. The study was conducted in Gonabad Research Station, using split-split plots based on randomized ...
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Effects of different irrigation levels on yield, water consumption, water use efficiency, and agronomic characteristics of cotton-wheat crop rotation were examined in the temperate zone of Khorasan Razavi. The study was conducted in Gonabad Research Station, using split-split plots based on randomized complete block design with three replications, in 2015-2016. Three tillage methods (no-till, conventional tillage, and reduced tillage) were in the main plots, three residue managements (without residue, 30% of the residues and 60% residue) in sub plots, and three levels of irrigation water (50%, 75% and 100 percent of the water required according to the National Water Document) were in sub-sub plots. Parsi wheat cultivar was used for cultivation. The results showed that the highest (non-significant) grain yield of wheat was obtained from no-tillage and without residue treatment. It was determined that no tillage and direct cultivation resulted in increased wheat grain yield and could be recommended economically, since it would reduce production costs. However, keeping or removing plant residues did not have a significant effect on yield, although the positive effects of plant residues on the improvement of soil properties and, consequently, on the yield of crops in the medium to long term are evident. The highest wheat yield (6249 kg/ha) was obtained from no-tillage with 30% residue and 100% of the water requirement. The highest water use efficiency of wheat (1.57 kg/m3) was obtained in no-tillage, without residue and 50% of the water requirement. The highest yield of wheat was recorded in the full irrigation (100%) treatment and was significantly different from other irrigation treatments (75%). By applying 50% of the water requirement, wheat yield decreased by 36.3% and by applying 75% of the water requirement wheat yield dropped by 31.5%. As a result, it is possible to save water consumed by wheat under a conservation agriculture system because water productivity increased in comparison with the conventional agricultural system.
Mohammad Karimi; Javad Baghani
Abstract
Evaluation of drip irrigation systems is performed to improve systems performance. In order to investigate the performance of drip irrigation system in pistachio orchards of Mahvalat region in Khorasan Razavi province, the drip irrigation systems in operation was evaluated during 2014-2015. At first, ...
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Evaluation of drip irrigation systems is performed to improve systems performance. In order to investigate the performance of drip irrigation system in pistachio orchards of Mahvalat region in Khorasan Razavi province, the drip irrigation systems in operation was evaluated during 2014-2015. At first, the general specifications of the selected irrigation systems were recorded and then emitters discharge and pressure were measured in the operating parts. In each system, one manifold was randomly selected and four lateral pipes located at the beginning, one-third, two thirds, and end of each manifold were selected. Emitters discharges at the beginning, one-third, two thirds and end of each lateral pipes and pressure at the beginning and at the end of the lateral pipes were measured in the all selected manifold pipes. Also, the minimum lateral inlet pressure at each manifold was identified by measuring the flow pressure of the all lateral inlets. Results showed that the water Emission Uniformities of the systems (EU) were within the range of 84.89 to 97.10 percent and the systems performances based on this index were classified as good to excellent. Potential application efficiencies of the low quarter of the systems (PELQs) varied from 63.09 to 77.78 percent. Application efficiencies of low quarter of the systems (AELQs) were in the range of 70.10 to 86.42 percent. Based on PELQs and AELQs indexes, the performance of drip irrigation systems in the studied pistachio orchards were good.